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The Ecma standard lists these design goals for C : [16]. During the development of the. By the time the. NET runtime had been ported to C. In interviews and technical papers he has stated that flaws [23] in most major programming languages e. James Gosling , who created the Java programming language in , and Bill Joy , a co-founder of Sun Microsystems , the originator of Java, called C an "imitation" of Java; Gosling further said that "[C is] sort of Java with reliability, productivity and security deleted.
Boring repetition that lacks innovation," [26] "Hardly anybody will claim that Java or C are revolutionary programming languages that changed the way we write programs," and "C borrowed a lot from Java - and vice versa. Now that C supports boxing and unboxing, we'll have a very similar feature in Java. Since the release of C 2.
One of the first major departures came with the addition of generics to both languages, with vastly different implementations. C makes use of reification to provide "first-class" generic objects that can be used like any other class, with code generation performed at class-load time.
The LINQ extensions and the functional imports help developers reduce the amount of boilerplate code that is included in common tasks like querying a database, parsing an xml file, or searching through a data structure, shifting the emphasis onto the actual program logic to help improve readability and maintainability.
C used to have a mascot called Andy named after Anders Hejlsberg. It was retired on January 29, Microsoft first used the name C in for a variant of the C language designed for incremental compilation. The name "C sharp" was inspired by the musical notation whereby a sharp symbol indicates that the written note should be made a semitone higher in pitch. Due to technical limitations of display standard fonts, browsers, etc.
The "sharp" suffix has been used by a number of other. NET languages that are variants of existing languages, including J a. NET language also designed by Microsoft that is derived from Java 1. NET was called Eiffel , [42] a name retired since the full Eiffel language is now supported. The suffix has also been used for libraries , such as Gtk a. However, the language specification does not state the code generation requirements of the compiler: that is, it does not state that a C compiler must target a Common Language Runtime, or generate Common Intermediate Language CIL , or generate any other specific format.
C supports strongly, implicitly typed variable declarations with the keyword var , and implicitly typed arrays with the keyword new[] followed by a collection initializer.
C supports a strict Boolean data type , bool. Statements that take conditions, such as while and if , require an expression of a type that implements the true operator, such as the Boolean type. The only implicit conversions by default are those that are considered safe, such as widening of integers.
This is enforced at compile-time, during JIT , and, in some cases, at runtime. No implicit conversions occur between Booleans and integers, nor between enumeration members and integers except for literal 0, which can be implicitly converted to any enumerated type. Enumeration members are placed in their own scope. The C language does not allow for global variables or functions. All methods and members must be declared within classes.
Static members of public classes can substitute for global variables and functions. Metaprogramming can be achieved in several ways:. A method in C is a member of a class that can be invoked as a function a sequence of instructions , rather than the mere value-holding capability of a class property.
Certain specific kinds of methods, such as those that simply get or set a class property by return value or assignment, do not require a full signature, but in the general case, the definition of a class includes the full signature declaration of its methods.
Extension methods in C allow programmers to use static methods as if they were methods from a class's method table, allowing programmers to add methods to an object that they feel should exist on that object and its derivatives. The type dynamic allows for run-time method binding, allowing for JavaScript-like method calls and run-time object composition. C has support for strongly-typed function pointers via the keyword delegate.
Synchronized ] , and has support for mutually-exclusive locks via the keyword lock. C supports classes with properties. The properties can be simple accessor functions with a backing field, or implement getter and setter functions. Since C 3. Namespaces can be imported with the "using" syntax. In C , memory address pointers can only be used within blocks specifically marked as unsafe , [69] and programs with unsafe code need appropriate permissions to run.
Most object access is done through safe object references, which always either point to a "live" object or have the well-defined null value; it is impossible to obtain a reference to a "dead" object one that has been garbage collected , or to a random block of memory. An unsafe pointer can point to an instance of an 'unmanaged' value type that does not contain any references to garbage-collected objects, array, string, or a block of stack-allocated memory.
Code that is not marked as unsafe can still store and manipulate pointers through the System. IntPtr type, but it cannot dereference them. Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed; instead, it is automatically garbage collected.
Garbage collection addresses the problem of memory leaks by freeing the programmer of responsibility for releasing memory that is no longer needed in most cases. Code that retains references to objects longer than is required can still experience higher memory usage than necessary, however once the final reference to an object is released the memory is available for garbage collection.
A range of standard exceptions are available to programmers. Methods in standard libraries regularly throw system exceptions in some circumstances and the range of exceptions thrown is normally documented. Custom exception classes can be defined for classes allowing specific handling to be put in place for particular circumstances as needed. Checked exceptions are not present in C in contrast to Java. This has been a conscious decision based on the issues of scalability and versionability.
This was a design decision by the language's lead architect to avoid complications and to simplify architectural requirements throughout CLI. When implementing multiple interfaces that contain a method with the same name and taking parameters of the same type in the same order i.
However, unlike Java, C supports operator overloading. C has the ability to utilize LINQ through the. NET Framework. Using LINQ in C brings advantages like Intellisense support, strong filtering capabilities, type safety with compile error checking ability, and consistency for querying data over a variety of sources.
Though primarily an imperative language, C 2. C has a unified type system. A unified type system implies that all types, including primitives such as integers, are subclasses of the System. Object class. For example, every type inherits a ToString method. CTS separates data types into two categories: [79]. Instances of value types neither have referential identity nor referential comparison semantics.
Equality and inequality comparisons for value types compare the actual data values within the instances, unless the corresponding operators are overloaded.
Value types are derived from System. ValueType , always have a default value, and can always be created and copied. Some other limitations on value types are that they cannot derive from each other but can implement interfaces and cannot have an explicit default parameterless constructor. Examples of value types are all primitive types, such as int a signed bit integer , float a bit IEEE floating-point number , char a bit Unicode code unit , and System.
DateTime identifies a specific point in time with nanosecond precision. Other examples are enum enumerations and struct user defined structures. In contrast, reference types have the notion of referential identity, meaning that each instance of a reference type is inherently distinct from every other instance, even if the data within both instances is the same.
This is reflected in default equality and inequality comparisons for reference types, which test for referential rather than structural equality, unless the corresponding operators are overloaded such as the case for System.
In the example in the screenshot below, the Autos window is showing value changed in the Android sensorManager and accelerometerSensor types. The Android debugging experience in Visual Studio also supports for debugging pre-built Android application via other IDE s , other basic debugger capabilities tracepoints, conditional breakpoints and advanced features such as debugger visualizations Natvis Support and attaching to a running Android application as well.
It provides colorization both syntactic and semantic , error and warning squiggles as well as code outlining and semantic highlighting in your Java files. In the following screenshot, Visual Studio provides a member list for the android. Log class. Another handy feature for larger codebases or for navigating 3rd party libraries for which you have the source code available is Go to definition F12 which will take you to the symbol definition location if available.
Now you can set line breakpoints, including conditions or hit counts for the breakpoints, anywhere in the Java code. When a breakpoint is hit, you can view variables in the Locals and Autos window, see call stack in the Call Stack window, and check log output in the Logcat window. Blog post Java debugging and language support in Visual Studio for Android has more details on this topic. Xamarin is a popular cross-platform solution for creating rich native apps using C across mobile platforms while maximizing code reuse.
With Xamarin, you could create apps with native user interfaces and get native performance on each mobile platform. This blog post Developing Xamarin Android Native Applications describes this scenario in more details.
Download Visual Studio , try it out and share your feedback. For problems, let us know via the Report a Problem option in the upper right corner of the VS title bar. Track your feedback on the developer community portal. Archived from the original on May 12, Archived from the original on February 11, Archived from the original on June 13, Retrieved June 14, Archived from the original on October 20, Retrieved July 24, Retrieved September 24, Archived from the original on September 20, NET Framework Libraries".
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Archived from the original on July 7, Retrieved December 27, December 26, Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Visual Studio. Microsoft development tools. Analysis Reporting Integration Notification. History Outline. Bill Gates Paul Allen. John W. Where do you want to go today?
Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft Apple v. Microsoft European Union Microsoft competition case Microsoft v. Lindows Microsoft v. That dialog should show if the controller has any Test Agents connected to it. More information here: Manage Test Controllers. From that point forward you should be ready to run a Load Test. During or after run time you have access to Graphs and Tables with throughput, response times information, performance counters for the computers you configured and details on vusers activity.
Check this tutorial to learn more: Run and analyze your load test. Visual Studio offers extendibility options to increase the built-in functionality. Follow the articles below to learn more about the different options:. Please feel free to ask questions in the Comments section of this blog post.
I can try to answer them and add them to this FAQ. As mentioned above the recommendation is up to for a 2. This can change depending on the length of the webtests, the payloads of the application responses and the use of custom plug-ins. The client Visual Studio machine uses a random port by default which is used to receive the test results from the test controller. For all incoming connections, the test controller authenticates the calling party and verifies that it belongs to specific security group.
This is true regardless of the test rig configuration you are using: on premises or cloud based testing:. You should create exceptions for the mentioned ports on the firewall, you can also change the port.
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